MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Module CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND ONEHEALTH APPROACH

Understand the characteristics of microorganisms, the cellular and molecular basis of microbial pathogenicity, microorganism-host interactions, human microbial communities, and the ecosystems in which humans inhabit;

Understand the role of the immune response to infections, vaccines, therapeutic monitoring of antimicrobial drugs, and the use of microbial biotechnology in therapy and prevention.

Understand, through a "onehealth" approach, the dynamics of infectious diseases determined by the interactions between pathogens, hosts, and the environment, and their relevance to the infectious process itself.

Conoscere le basi della biologia, della biochimica, della biologia molecolare, della microbiologia generale e della patologia generale

Mandatory

1)     Microbial communities in humans and their ecosystems, main pathogens of various organs, and diagnostic models applied to infections

a)     The different possibilities of contagion and spread of infections;

b)     The microbial population normally resident in the human body

c)      The role of the microbiota

d)     Microbiota dysfunctions and loss of resilience

e)      The epidemiology of infectious diseases

f)      General concepts

i)       Epidemiological terminology

ii)     Frequency indices

iii)   Recognition of an infectious disease within a population

iv)    Recognition of an epidemic

g)     The infectious cycle: history of a disease

h)     Carriers and reservoirs

i)       Microbiota models by organ system

j)       The main pathogens and diagnostic models for…

i)       Respiratory system

ii)     Cardiovascular system

iii)   Integumentary system

iv)    Digestive system

v)     Excretory system

vi)    Reproductive system

vii)  Muscular system

viii)          Skeletal system

ix)    Nervous system and sense organs

k)     Application of biosensors in clinical microbiology

l)       Rapid methods in clinical microbiology

m)    Methods in human microbial ecology and clinical microbiology

i)       Culturing techniques

ii)     Methods for assessing microbial diversity

iii)   Methods for assessing the activity of microbial communities

iv)    Chemotaxonomic systems

v)      Polyphasic methods

vi)    The application of omics in clinical microbiology

(1)   Microbiomics

(2)   Metagenomics and accredited techniques in the clinical field

(3)   Metabolomics

(4)   Other "omics"

n)     Procedures for the microbiological control of foods

(1)   Risk and management of Risk

(2)   The HACCP system

(a)    The concept of limit

o)     Environmental control in healthcare settings

i)       Scope of application

(1)   Sampling techniques

(a)    Air

(b)   Surfaces

(c)    Water

(d)   Other

2)     Therapeutic monitoring of antimicrobial drugs, evaluation of the immune response to infectious diseases;

a)      Disinfectants

i)       Objectives and methods of disinfection

ii)     Types of disinfectants

iii)   Methods for evaluating the efficacy and activity of disinfectants

(1)   ISO, UNI-EN standards

b)     Biological assays in the clinical microbiology laboratory

i)       Susceptibility testing

(1)   Classical methods

(2)   Automated methods

ii)     Biological assay of antibiotic concentrations in various organs and systems

iii)   Non-biological techniques for the biological assay of antibiotic concentrations in various organs and systems

iv)    ISO and other accredited standards

v)     Methods for the search for new antimicrobials

(1)   Classical approach

(2)   Biotechnological approach

c)      Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment of infectious diseases

d)     Antivirals

i)       Objectives and methods of antiviral chemotherapy

ii)     Types of antivirals

iii)   Methods for the search for new antivirals

iv)    Current regulations for accredited procedures

v)     Clinical evaluation of treatment efficacy

e)      Evaluation of the immune response to infectious diseases

i)       Serological techniques

ii)     Fluorescence

iii)   Enzyme immunoassay

iv)    Immunochromatographic systems

v)     Other methods

vi)    Development of diagnostic tests

3)     Vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and hyperimmune sera

a)      State of the art

i)       Live, killed, recombinant, DNA and RNA, other types

ii)     "Reverse vaccinology"

iii)   Other vaccine research and development techniques

iv)    Techniques for the production of monoclonal antibodies and hyperimmune sera

The exam consists of 6 questions that will randomly concern the program modules. Failure to answer at least 4 questions is in fact a condition of rejection. A maximum of 5 points are awarded for each correct answer.

The student who does not pass the exam will be able to go to the next session

Verification of learning can also be carried out electronically, should the conditions require

No specific question will be provided