BIOLOGIA FARMACEUTICA
Academic Year 2022/2023 - Teacher: ROSARIA ACQUAVIVAExpected Learning Outcomes
Provide students with the knowledge of the main plants of pharmaceutical interest and specific herbal and their use in the pharmaceutical and herbal.
Describe the fundamental biological processes of the cell and living organisms in order to understand the specific methodologies in the study of biologically active products obtainable from renewable sources also through biotechnological processes.
Acuire knowledge in the botanical-pharmaceutical and applicative fields aimed at technical-professional fields for the production and control of biotechnological drugs, hormones and vaccines, and natural bioactive products.
Course Structure
The course will be structured in frontal teaching with power point projection and/or short films. During the course there will be exercises and problem based learning.
Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.
Information for students with disabilities and / or SLD:
To guarantee equal opportunities and in compliance with the laws in force, interested students can ask for a personal interview in order to plan any compensatory and / or dispensatory measures, based on the teaching objectives and specifications needs. It is also possible to contact the CInAP contact person (Center for Active and Participatory Integration - Services for Disabilities and / or SLD) of the Department of Biomedical and Biotechonological Sciences.
Required Prerequisites
Attendance of Lessons
Detailed Course Content
Introduction to the study of the Pharmaceutical Biology.
Characters tissue. Systems of tissues and their classification.
Meristematic tissues or cells.
Adult tissues or definitive: system parenchyma, tegument system, conducting system, segregators system and mechanical system.
Organization of the plant body: root, leaf, leaves, flower, stem.
Classification. species concept. taxonomic system and evolution of systems.
Supply of Medicinal Plants.
Vegetative reproduction. Sexual reproduction. The spores. The biological cycles.
Vegetable drugs: classification and factors that influence the content of active ingredients.
Medicinal plants
Metabolism: primary metabolites, intermediate metabolites and secondary metabolites.
Classification of plants
Primary metabolites: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins.
Secondary metabolites: phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids.
Preparation, extraction and identification of active ingredients. Crushing, crushing and pulverization. Squeezing and compression.
Extraction with supercritical fluids. Distillation. decoction. Enfleurage. Maceration. Isolation of active ingredients.
Qualitative and quantitative control of a drug. Dosage of active ingredients.
Renewable sources of drugs: algae, fungi, lichens, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Biotechnology of medicinal plants. Plant biotechnologies as sources of pharmaceutical products. Agro-biotechnology. Preparation in vitro cultures. Biotechnology in the cultivation of medicinal plants. In vitro crops of medicinal interest. Biotechnological production of secondary metabolites. Biotransformations.
Pharmacist plants for the production of hormones, vaccines and natural and bioactive products.
Notes on the cultivation and processing of medicinal plants.
Quality control of medicinal plants.
Vegetable health products.
Course Content is divided in three part
First Part 1,5 CFU - 10,5 h
Introduction to the study of the Pharmaceutical Biology.
Characters tissue. Systems of tissues and their classification.
Meristematic tissues or cells.
Adult tissues or definitive: system parenchyma, tegument system, conducting system, segregators system and mechanical system.
Organization of the plant body: root, leaf, leaves, flower, stem.
Classification. species concept. taxonomic system and evolution of systems.
Supply of Medicinal Plants.
Vegetative reproduction. Sexual reproduction. The spores. The biological cycles.
Second Part 2 CFU - 14 h
Vegetable drugs: classification and factors that influence the content of active ingredients.
Medicinal plants
Metabolism: primary metabolites, intermediate metabolites and secondary metabolites.
Classification of plants
Primary metabolites: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins.
Secondary metabolites: phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids.
Preparation, extraction and identification of active ingredients. Crushing, crushing and pulverization. Squeezing and compression.
Extraction with supercritical fluids. Distillation. decoction. Enfleurage. Maceration. Isolation of active ingredients.
Qualitative and quantitative control of a drug. Dosage of active ingredients.
Three part 2,5 CFU - 17,5 h
Renewable sources of drugs: algae, fungi, lichens, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Biotechnology of medicinal plants. Plant biotechnologies as sources of pharmaceutical products. Agro-biotechnology. Preparation in vitro cultures. Biotechnology in the cultivation of medicinal plants. In vitro crops of medicinal interest. Biotechnological production of secondary metabolites. Biotransformations.
Pharmacist plants for the production of hormones, vaccines and natural and bioactive products.
Notes on the cultivation and processing of medicinal plants.
Quality control of medicinal plants.
Vegetable health products.
Textbook Information
1. Poli F. - Biologia Farmaceutica - II Ed. - Pearson 2019
2. Maugini E., Maleci Bini L., Mariotti Lippi M. - Manuale di Botanica Farmaceutica IX Ed. – PICCIN 2014
3. Solomon, Berg, Martin -Struttura e processi vitali nelle piante- Ed. Edises
4. Bruni A., -Farmacognosia generale e applicata- ed. PICCIN
Course Planning
| Subjects | Text References | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduzione allo studio della Biologia Farmaceutica | Testo 1: cap.1, 2 |
| 2 | Strutture citologiche specifiche dei vegetali. | Testo 2: cap. 4 |
| 3 | Tessuti meristematici e differenziati. | Testo 2: cap. 4 |
| 4 | Sistema parenchimatico, tegumentale, meccanino, vascolare e secretore. | Testo 1 cap. 3; Testo 3; cap. 33 |
| 5 | Stuttura delle piante: radice, fusto e foglie. | Testo 1: cap. 4, 5 |
| 6 | Riproduzione delle piante: riproduzione agamica e riproduzione sessuale: fiore, infiorescenze, frutto e seme. | Testo 2: cap. 5, 6, 8 |
| 7 | Sistematica vegetale. Concetto di specie. | Testo 1: cap. 6; Testo 2: cap. 9 |
| 8 | Sistema tassonomico ed evoluzione dei sistemi. Classificazione vegetale e farmaceutica. Materie prime vegetali. Approvvigionamento delle Piante Medicinali. Droga vegetale: classificazione e fattori che influenzano il contenuto in principi attivi. Piante medicinali spontanee e coltivate. | Testo 4: cap. 5, 6 |
| 9 | Metaboliti primari interesse farmaceutico: carboidrati, grassi, proteine. | Testo 1; cap.7 |
| 10 | Metaboliti secondari di interesse farmaceutico. Biosintesi e caratteristiche. Composti fenolici, terpenoidi, alcaloidi. | Testo 4: cap. 5, 6 |
| 11 | Preparazione, estrazione ed identificazione dei principi attivi. | Testo 1; cap.10 |
| 12 | Frantumazione, triturazione e polverizzazione. Spremitura e compressione. Estrazione con fluidi supercritici. Distillazione. decozione. Enfleurage. Macerazione. Percolazione. Isolamento dei principi attivi. Controllo qualitativo e quantitativo di una droga. Dosaggio di principi attivi. | Testo 4: cap. 5 |
| 13 | Fonti rinnovabili di farmaci: alghe, funghi, licheni, gimnosperme ed angiosperme. | Testo 1; cap.8- 9-10-11 |
| 14 | Biotecnologie delle piante officinali. Biotecnologie vegetali come fonti di prodotti di interesse farmaceutico. Agro-biotecnologie. Allestimento delle colture in vitro. Biotecnologie nella coltivazione delle piante officinali. Colture in vitro di interesse officinale. | Testo 1; cap. 7,8 |
| 15 | Produzione biotecnologica di metaboliti secondari. Biotrasformazioni. Piante farmaciste per la produzione di ormoni, vaccini e prodotti naturali e bioattivi. Cenni di coltivazione e trasformazione delle piante officinali. Elementi di controllo | Testo 1; cap. 9, 10 |