Physiological and pathological basis

Module HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

The course aims at providing the student with the main notions on the functioning of organs and systyems in the human body. At the end of the course students should have acquired the basic principles governing normal and integrated functions of the body, as well as a good command of the scientific and physiological terminology,

Lectures. Attendance is mandatory

PLEASE NOTE: The recent COVID-19 emergency has imposed the adoption of remote teaching and examination. As the emergency is unfortunately still on, remote teaching and examination is to be carried out in the coming months, therefore some changes may occur in order to closely adhere to the program outlined in the syllabus

Cell membranes Transport mechanisms, ion channels

Nervous system General organization of the central, peripheral and autonomous nervous system. Main features of neurons and glia and their functions. Excitable membranes:  Rest potential, local potentials, action potential and its propagation. Classification of nerve fibers.

Muscle Structure and organization of skeletal muscle. Excitation-contraction coupling. Twitch, summation and tetanus of skeletal muscle, Muscle metabolism, Motor unit. Smooth muscle.

Synaptic transmission Electrical and chemical synapses, neuromuscular junction, central synapses. Neurotransmitters.

Sistemi sensoriali Sensory receptors proprio- end esteroceptive sensitivity

Spinal cord: organization, mono- e polysynaptic reflexes. Spinal shock.

Hints on the functions of brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Movement disorders: Parkinson's disease

Cardiovascular system Features of cardiac muscle. Common and specific myocardium, conduction system, ECG. Cardiac cycle. Features of blood vessels, arteries, veins, capillaries. Factors influencing blood flow, laminar and turbulent blood flow. Circulation in arterial, capillary and venous vessels. Regulation of blood pressure.

Respiratory system Superior and inferior airways. Respiratory mechanics, pulmunar ventilation, Surfactant. Gas exchange and transport. Regulation of breathing, central and peripheral chemoceptors

Urinary system Renal functions: glomerular ultrafiltration, tubular reabsorption and secretion. Regulation of water-electrolytic and acid-base balance 

Digestive system Hints on motility, secretion and absorption 

Silverthorn - FISIOLOGIA UMANA. UN APPROCCIO INTEGRATO - PEARSON

Conti (a cura di ) - FISIOLOGIA DELL’UOMO Edi- Ermes

Fox - FISIOLOGIA UMANA Piccin