MICROBIOLOGIA FARMACEUTICA, BIOTECNOLOGIE MICROBICHE FARMACEUTICHE E PRINCIPI DI IGIENE

Module PRINCIPI DI IGIENE

- To have strong knowledge regarding: sources and methods of health data collection, epidemiological methods for their analysis and interpretation, causes of invalidity and death, health determinants and risk factors in lifestyle, health determinants and environmental risk factors, methods for the prevention of chronic diseases, mode of occurrence and spread of infections, interventions on individuals and communities for their prevention, principles and application of preventive medicine in the communities, communication principles and methodologies applied to 'health information and health education.

- To present themselves as valid  interlocutors on issues affecting the health promotion and disease prevention, in dealing with individuals with health administrators and the community as a whole.

- Assess the epidemiological data and know the use for the purposes of health promotion and disease prevention in the individual and in the community, work together with the health services of the area in the epidemiological surveillance and health promotion programs and disease prevention, recognize the health problems of the community and work together to solve, identify and help remove the causes and factors of diseases present in the behavior and in the living environment, making accurate information on determinants of health and disease, with reference also to lifestyle and to factors in the physical and social environment, educate, in their professional activities, to behaviors in order to promote health and prevent disease and disability due to microbial causes, from physical and chemical agents, as incidents. Knowing the health organization to international, European and national level.

Interactive didactic with case-study presentation.

Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.

Learning assessment may also be carried out on line, should the conditions require it.

Principles of demography and health statistics. Sources of demographic and health data. demographic indicators. mortality and morbidity indicators. Indicators of quality of life.
Principles of epidemiological methodology. The measures in epidemiology .The epidemiological studies: descriptive epidemiology; analytical epidemiology; Experimental epidemiology. The causal relationship in epidemiology. The risk assessment. systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The medicine based on evidence of effectiveness.
Epidemiology of of infectious diseases. Mode of infection transmission. The contagion chains. The natural course of infection.

General principles of epidemiology of chronic degenerative diseases and disabilities. The necessary causes and the sufficient causes. Risk factors and protective factors. Causes and factors in the physical and social environment. Lifestyle and health. Frequency of chronic degenerative diseases and other damaging events in the population.

Methodology for prevention and health promotion. Objectives and methods of prevention (primary, secondary and tertiary).
Prevention of infectious diseases. primary prevention of infection Interruption of transmission chains. Interventions for the discovery and inactivation of infection sources. Active and passive immunoprophylaxis. Chemoprophylaxis. Secondary prevention of infections.
Prevention of chronic degenerative diseases and disabilities, primary, secondary and tertiary.
Principles of health education. Health and health promotion. Methods and models of communication. Strategies for health promotion. Health promotion in the Ottawa paper.
Epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases.
Europe-wide surveillance systems. The networks and activities of ECDC (European Center for Disease Prevention and Control).
- Respiratory tract infections: influenza, tuberculosis, legionellosis.
- Infections transmitted by parenteral or sexual: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), viral hepatitis B and C, gonorrhea, syphilis,
infection with human papilloma virus.
- Food-borne infections and zoonoses: cholera, hepatitis A and E, typhoid fever, gastroenteritis.

- Emerging and vector-borne infections: arbovirus infections, leishmaniasis, malaria, rickettsial.

- Infections preventable by vaccination: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, bacterial meningitis, chickenpox infections, invasive bacterial, rotavirus infections.
- Infections acquired in healthcare sector (HAI, hospital acquired infections): the surveillance programs and national and European networks.

- Epidemiologia and prevention of major chronic diseases. cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

- Health promotion and disease prevention in the different phases of life. Pre conceptional prevention, prenatal and neonatal. Health needs in children. Health needs in adulthood. Defense and promotion of health in the elderly.

Food hygiene and nutrition

-Food hygiene. Food and related health issues. microbial contamination. Restoration and preservation of foods. Food safety

Environment and health.

- Environmental factors such as certain health and disease. The pollution of the environment and its effects on health and. The water and its characteristics. Water intended for human consumption, treatment and distribution. Mineral waters. Use of water for recreational purposes. The municipal wastewater, agricultural and industrial. Air pollution; the effects on health and environment of air pollutants. The medical waste and municipal solid waste. Electromagnetic pollution. Risk factors and prevention in living and working environments.

Health organization: Health organization at international and European level. The national health service in Italy: the central, regional and local levels. The health planning. The national health plan and regional health plans. The Health Management.

1) Maria Triassi, Gabriella Aggazzotti, Margherita Ferrante, Igiene Medicina Preventiva e del Territorio, II edizione, Sorbona, Idelson Gnocchi, Napoli 2015.

2) Buffoli M, Capolongo S., Odone A, Signorelli C. Salute e Ambienter, EDISES, Napoli 2016.

3) Gilli G. Professione igienista Manuale dell'igiene ambientale e territoriale. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano 2010.